Japan
Name
| Official name | Japan — Nihon-koku, Nippon-koku (日本国), "the State of Japan"; no longer form |
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| Former names | Yamato, of the early court; the Empire of Japan — Dai Nippon Teikoku (1868–1947); Wa, the Chinese name of the ancient chronicles |
| Demonym | Japanese — Nihonjin |
| Meaning of the name | Nihon — "the origin of the sun," the land of the sunrise seen from China; Japan from the Malay Jepang and the Chinese Jih-pen, Marco Polo's Cipangu |
| Motto | None official |
Quick facts
| Capital | Tokyo — Edo until 1868, the capital in fact since the Emperor moved from Kyoto; about 14 million in the Tokyo Metropolis, 37 million in the Greater Tokyo Area, the largest urban region on earth until the UN's recount of 2025 |
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| Largest cities | Tokyo; Yokohama, about 3.8 million; Osaka; Nagoya; Sapporo; Fukuoka; Kobe; Kawasaki; Kyoto, the capital of 794–1868; Saitama; Hiroshima; Sendai |
| Official language | Japanese — de facto, no law naming it; the Ryukyuan languages of Okinawa and Ainu of Hokkaido, both endangered; English taught to all and spoken by few |
| Currency | Yen — ISO code JPY, ¥, 円; about 150 to the U.S. dollar |
| Time zone | Japan Standard Time, UTC+9, all year — no summer time |
| Calendar | The Gregorian with the imperial era — Reiwa, "beautiful harmony," since 1 May 2019, the year 2026 being Reiwa 8; Heisei 1989–2019, Shōwa 1926–89 before it |
| Calling code | +81 |
| Internet domains | .jp and .日本 |
| ISO 3166 codes | JP · JPN · 392 |
| Vehicle registration code | J |
| Driving side | Left |
| Electricity | 100 V — the lowest in the world — at 50 Hz in the east and 60 Hz in the west, the two grids of Tokyo and Osaka never joined; plug types A and B |
| Founded | National Foundation Day, 11 February — the accession of Emperor Jimmu in 660 BC by the legend; the Meiji Restoration, 3 January 1868; the Constitution, 3 May 1947 |
| National days | 11 February, National Foundation Day; 23 February, the Emperor's Birthday; 3 May, Constitution Memorial Day, within Golden Week; 29 April, Shōwa Day; 15 August, the end of the war, observed; the sixteen public holidays, the most of the rich world; New Year the greatest |
| Constitution | 3 May 1947 — the Constitution of Japan, drafted under the American occupation and promulgated 3 November 1946, replacing the Meiji Constitution of 1889; Article 9 renouncing war and the maintenance of armed forces; never amended, the only such constitution in the world, its revision the LDP's founding aim and Takaichi's |
| Population | 126,146,099 at the census of 2020; about 123 million (Statistics Bureau, 2026 est.) — falling since 2008; the census of 2025 taken in October, its results in 2026 |
| Area | 377,975 km² (145,937 sq mi) — land 364,500 km², water 13,430 km²; the exclusive economic zone the sixth-largest in the world |
Flag & national symbols
| National flag | The Hinomaru — "the circle of the sun," a crimson disc on a white field, the sun of the country's name and of the goddess Amaterasu, the ancestor of the emperors; flown on the ships of the shogunate from 1854, the merchant ensign from 1870 and the national flag by law only since 13 August 1999, the disc set exactly at the center and three-fifths of the height.Flag of Japan |
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| Imperial seal | The chrysanthemum of sixteen petals — the Kiku-mon, the seal of the Emperor since Go-Toba in the 12th century, on the passports and the Diet; the paulownia crest, the Go-Shichi no Kiri, the emblem of the government and the prime minister |
| National anthem | "Kimigayo" ("His Imperial Majesty's Reign") — a waka of the 9th-century anthology Kokin Wakashū, the oldest lyrics of any anthem, set by Hiromori Hayashi in 1880; sung as the anthem from the Meiji era and made so by the law of 13 August 1999 with the flag; the shortest anthem in the world at eleven measures |
| National colors | Red and white — the crimson of the sun on the white |
| National bird | The green pheasant — the kiji, found only in Japan; chosen by the Ornithological Society in 1947; the red-crowned crane the bird of the emblems |
| National flower | The cherry blossom — the sakura, whose blooming the nation follows north each spring and whose fall is the emblem of the transient; the chrysanthemum the flower of the throne |
| National animal | None designated — the koi, the Japanese macaque, the sika deer of Nara and the raccoon dog widely cited; the Akita dog |
| National tree | The cherry, the pine of the New Year and the cedar, sugi, the timber of the shrines; widely cited |
| National dish | Sushi and the washoku — the traditional cuisine on UNESCO's intangible list since 2013; ramen; tempura; the rice of every meal; the sake; the green tea of the ceremony |
| National sport | Sumo — the national sport by custom, of the Shinto rites, with its six tournaments a year; judo and kendo; baseball the game of the crowds since 1872 |
| Symbol status | The flag and anthem by the law of 1999; the chrysanthemum and paulownia by imperial and government use; the bird by the society's choice; the flower, animal, tree and dishes widely cited; the washoku by UNESCO listing |
Geography
| Location | East Asia — the archipelago off the Pacific coast of the continent, across the Sea of Japan from Korea and Russia, the East China Sea from China and Taiwan; the Kuril dispute with Russia, the Senkakus with China, Takeshima with Korea |
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| Land borders | None |
| Coastline | 29,751 km (18,486 mi) — the sixth-longest in the world |
| Islands | 14,125 by the recount of the Geospatial Information Authority in 2023, double the old figure of 6,852 — Honshu, 227,960 km², the seventh-largest island in the world; Hokkaido; Kyushu; Shikoku; Okinawa and the Ryukyus; the Ogasawaras a thousand kilometers south; about 430 inhabited |
| Highest point | Mount Fuji, 3,776 m (12,388 ft) — a stratovolcano, last erupted 1707 |
| Lowest point | Hachirōgata, 4 m (13 ft) below sea level, the reclaimed lagoon of Akita |
| Mean elevation | 438 m (1,437 ft) |
| Volcanoes | 111 active — about a tenth of the world's: Fuji; Sakurajima above Kagoshima, erupting daily; Aso, the great caldera of Kyushu; Unzen, whose flow of 1991 killed 43; Ontake, 63 dead in 2014; the Kikai caldera under the sea, the largest eruption of the last 10,000 years |
| Rivers and lakes | The Shinano, 367 km, the longest, to the Sea of Japan at Niigata; the Tone, the largest by basin, of the Kanto plain; the Ishikari of Hokkaido; Lake Biwa, 670 km², the largest and among the oldest lakes in the world, the water of Kyoto and Osaka; Lake Kasumigaura; the crater lake of Towada |
| Terrain | Mountains over three-quarters of the land — the Japanese Alps of Honshu with thirty peaks above 3,000 m; the coastal plains where the people live, the Kanto the largest; the forests; the snow country of the Sea of Japan coast, the deepest snows of any inhabited place |
| Climate | From the subarctic of Hokkaido to the subtropical of Okinawa — the rainy season of June, the typhoons of August to October, the humid summers, the snows of the west; the cherry front of late March to May |
| Natural hazards | Earthquakes — a fifth of the world's above magnitude 6: the Great Kanto of 1 September 1923, 105,000 dead; Kobe, 17 January 1995, 6,400; Tōhoku, 11 March 2011, magnitude 9.0, the largest in the country's record, with the tsunami that killed about 18,500 and the meltdowns of Fukushima Daiichi; the Noto quake of 1 January 2024, about 500 dead; the Nankai Trough quake awaited, with the government's estimate of up to 300,000 dead; typhoons; volcanoes; the heat of the summers |
| Natural resources | Almost none — a little coal, some gold at Hishikari, the limestone; the fish of the richest waters; the forests, two-thirds of the land, planted and unused; the country importing nearly all its energy and half its food |
| Land use | Agricultural land about 12%; forest about 68% — among the most forested rich countries |
| National parks | 35 — Fuji-Hakone-Izu; the Japanese Alps of Chūbu-Sangaku; Shiretoko and Daisetsuzan of Hokkaido; Setonaikai, the Inland Sea, among the first of 1934; Aso-Kuju; Yakushima; the Ogasawaras; Iriomote of the wildcat |
| UNESCO World Heritage | 26 — Hōryū-ji, Himeji Castle, Yakushima and the beech forest of Shirakami (1993); the monuments of Kyoto and Nara; the villages of Shirakawa-gō; the Hiroshima Peace Memorial and Itsukushima (1996); Nikkō; the Ryukyu castles; the Kii mountains' pilgrimage routes; the Iwami silver mine; Hiraizumi; Fuji (2013); the Tomioka silk mill; the Meiji industrial sites; the Jōmon sites of the north (2021); the Sado gold mines (2024); 21 cultural, 5 natural; the washoku, the kabuki, the noh, the bunraku and the wadaiko on the intangible list |
| Administrative divisions | 47 prefectures — the Tokyo Metropolis, the Hokkaido circuit, the two urban prefectures of Osaka and Kyoto and 43 others — in eight regions from Hokkaido to Kyushu-Okinawa; 1,718 municipalities; the 20 designated cities |
People
| Population | 126,146,099 (census of 2020); about 123 million (2026 est.) |
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| Population density | About 330 per km² (850 per sq mi) overall — above 6,000 in Tokyo, the plains holding nearly all |
| Population growth | About −0.7% a year — the deaths above the births by 900,000 a year; the fastest fall of any large country; the foreign residents rising to about 3.8 million |
| Median age | About 49 years — the oldest of any large country, second in the world after Monaco |
| Life expectancy | About 85 years — the longest in the world after the smallest states; 100,000 centenarians |
| Fertility rate | About 1.15 births per woman — 686,000 births in 2024, the fewest since the records began in 1899 |
| Urban population | About 92% |
| Adult literacy | About 99% |
| Ethnic groups | Japanese about 97%; Chinese, Koreans — the Zainichi of the colonial years — Vietnamese, Filipinos, Brazilians of Japanese descent, Nepalese and others about 3%; the Ainu of Hokkaido, recognized as an Indigenous people in 2019; the Ryukyuans of Okinawa |
| Languages | Japanese by nearly all, in three scripts — the kanji of China and the two kana syllabaries; the dialects of Kansai and Tōhoku; the Ryukyuan languages of Okinawa and Ainu, both near death; English the compulsory foreign language |
| Religion | Shinto and Buddhism together — about 70% Shinto and 67% Buddhist by the temples' rolls, most people both and neither, born Shinto, married Christian and buried Buddhist in the saying; Christian about 1.5%; no religion by about 60% in the polls; the new religions; the Unification Church question after 2022 |
| Human Development Index | 0.925 (2023 data, 2025 report) — very high; about 23rd of 193 |
| The aging | About 29% of the people over 65 and 10% over 80 — the oldest society on earth; the working population falling since 1995; the villages emptying and the akiya, the 9 million empty houses; the immigration of the 2020s the unspoken answer |
| Sport | Baseball — the game of the nation since 1872, Shohei Ohtani the greatest player alive, the World Baseball Classic of 2023 won; sumo; judo, founded here in 1882; football and the Samurai Blue at every World Cup since 1998; the Olympics of Tokyo 1964 and 2021, Sapporo 1972 and Nagano 1998; the marathon and the ekiden |
| Diaspora | About 4 million of Japanese descent abroad — 2 million in Brazil, the largest, 1.5 million in the United States, Hawaii and California; Peru, Canada, Australia; about 1.3 million Japanese citizens abroad |
Government
| Form of government | Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy under the Constitution of 1947 — the Emperor the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people, with no powers of government; the prime minister head of government, designated by the Diet from among its members; the National Diet of two houses; the Supreme Court |
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| Emperor | Naruhito — Emperor since 1 May 2019 on the abdication of his father Akihito, the first abdication in 200 years; the 126th by the traditional count from Jimmu, the oldest continuous hereditary monarchy in the world; born 23 February 1960, educated at Oxford; the enthronement of 22 October 2019; Empress Masako; Crown Prince Fumihito his brother, the succession through the male line only the question of the age, with Prince Hisahito the sole heir of his generation |
| Prime Minister | Sanae Takaichi (Liberal Democratic Party), since 21 October 2025 — the first woman in the office, the 104th prime minister; president of the LDP since 4 October 2025 after Shigeru Ishiba resigned; internal affairs minister under Abe, economic security minister under Kishida, born 7 March 1961 in Nara, a heavy-metal drummer in her youth; reappointed 18 February 2026 by 354 votes of the 465 after the election |
| The 2026 election | Held 8 February 2026 — the snap election Takaichi called four months into a minority government to "ask the people": the LDP 316 of the 465 seats, up 125, with 49.09% of the constituency vote — the largest majority in the party's seventy years and the largest by a single party since the war; the Japan Innovation Party, Ishin, 36, for a ruling bloc of 352 and the two-thirds that overrides the upper house; the Centrist Reform Alliance, the new merger of the Constitutional Democrats and Komeito, 49, down 123; the Democratic Party for the People 28; Sanseitō 15; Team Mirai 11; the Communists 4; turnout 56.26% of 103,211,224 registered; the food-tax suspension, the spending and the defense the mandate, in the analysts' reading |
| The government | The second Takaichi cabinet of 18 February 2026 — the LDP with Ishin in confidence and supply; the coalition with Komeito of 1999–2025 ended when Komeito walked out in October 2025; the LDP in office for all but four years since 1955; the minority in the House of Councillors since the election of July 2025 the remaining check, overridden by the two-thirds below |
| Parliament | The National Diet — the House of Representatives of 465, 289 in single seats and 176 by proportional blocks, elected for four years; the House of Councillors of 248, half elected every three years for six, the LDP short of a majority since July 2025; Junya Ogawa the opposition leader since February 2026 |
| The next election | The lower house due by 8 February 2030; the upper house in July 2028 |
| The years before | Shinzo Abe, prime minister 2006–07 and 2012–20, the longest-serving, assassinated at Nara on 8 July 2022 by a man aggrieved at the Unification Church; the funding scandal of 2023–24 that felled the factions and Kishida; Ishiba's minority year of October 2024 to October 2025, the first purely minority government of the postwar Diet; the slush-fund and rice-price crises |
| Legal system | Civil law on the German and French models with American influences; the Supreme Court of fifteen; the lay judges of 2009; the conviction rate above 99%; the death penalty by hanging, kept |
| Prefectures | 47 with elected governors and assemblies; Yuriko Koike the governor of Tokyo since 2016; the mayors of the municipalities |
| Defense | The Self-Defense Forces under Article 9 — about 250,000, among the best-equipped in the world; the defense budget raised toward 2% of GDP by 2027 under the plan of 2022 and beyond it under Takaichi; the counterstrike missiles; the U.S. alliance of 1960 with 55,000 American troops, Okinawa holding the most; the three non-nuclear principles |
| The neighbors | China the largest trade partner and the threat of the strategy papers, the Senkakus and Taiwan; the two Koreas — the abductees of the North and the missiles over Hokkaido; Russia and the four Kurils held since 1945, no peace treaty yet; the reconciliation with Seoul of 2023–25; the Quad with the United States, India and Australia |
| United Nations | Member since 18 December 1956; the second-largest contributor to the budget for decades, third now; a non-permanent member of the Security Council twelve times, the most; the permanent seat sought |
| Memberships | The G7, host in 2023 at Hiroshima; the G20, host in 2019 at Osaka; the OECD since 1964; APEC; the CPTPP, its leader after the American withdrawal; the WTO; the Quad; the Asian Development Bank, presided over by Japan since 1966 |
Economy
| GDP (nominal) | About US$4.2 trillion (2025, IMF) — the fourth or fifth in the world with India, the yen's fall having dropped it from second in 2010 to below Germany in 2023 |
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| GDP per capita | About US$34,000 (2025) — from US$49,000 in 2012 by the yen |
| GDP per capita (PPP) | About US$54,000 (2025) |
| GDP growth | About 1% a year — the lost decades since the bubble burst in 1991; inflation returned above 2% since 2022 after thirty years of deflation, the Bank of Japan's rates lifted from zero in 2024 for the first time in seventeen years; the wage rises of 5% the hope |
| Economy by sector | Services about 70%, industry about 29%, agriculture about 1% |
| Currency | Yen (JPY) |
| Industry | Toyota, the largest carmaker in the world, with Honda, Nissan, Suzuki and Mazda; Sony, Panasonic, Hitachi and Mitsubishi; Nintendo; the machine tools and the robots, Fanuc; the chips of the past and Rapidus of the future; Uniqlo; the shipbuilding; the steel of Nippon Steel, U.S. Steel's owner since 2025 |
| Trade | Exports about US$700 billion — cars, machinery, chips, steel — to the United States and China above all; the trade deal of 2025 with Washington at 15% tariffs and the US$550 billion investment pledge; the CPTPP and the EU agreement |
| The debt | Public debt about 230% of GDP, above ¥1,300 trillion — the highest of any country in the world, held mostly at home and by the Bank of Japan; the budget of ¥115 trillion for 2025; the consumption tax of 10% and the cut on food promised by Takaichi |
| Agriculture and fish | Rice, the sacred crop, its price doubled in 2024–25 and the emergency reserves opened; the largest fish importer and among the largest fishing nations; the Wagyu beef; the whaling resumed in 2019 |
| Tourism | About 37 million foreign visitors in 2024 and more in 2025, a record, on the weak yen — Kyoto, Tokyo, the powder of Niseko; the "overtourism" of the temples; the Osaka Expo of 2025 |
| Income classification | High income (World Bank); an OECD member since 1964 |
Transport & infrastructure
| Main airports | Tokyo Haneda — the busiest in Asia and the fifth in the world, about 85 million passengers; Narita for the long-haul; Kansai at Osaka on its artificial island; Chubu; New Chitose at Sapporo; Fukuoka |
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| Airlines | ANA and Japan Airlines — JAL, reborn after the bankruptcy of 2010; the low-cost Peach, Jetstar Japan and Skymark |
| Main ports | Nagoya, the largest by tonnage, the port of Toyota; Tokyo and Yokohama; Kobe and Osaka; Chiba; Kitakyushu; the ferries of the Inland Sea |
| Railways | About 27,000 km (16,800 mi) — the Shinkansen, the world's first high-speed railway, opened 1 October 1964 between Tokyo and Osaka, about 3,000 km today from Hokkaido to Kyushu at 320 km/h with no passenger death in sixty years; the Chuo maglev at 500 km/h delayed past 2034; the JR companies of the 1987 privatization; the Tokyo Metro and the Toei, some 40 million rail riders a day in the capital, Shinjuku the busiest station on earth; the Seikan tunnel of 54 km under the strait |
| Roads | About 1.2 million km (750,000 mi); the expressways of about 10,000 km, tolled; the Akashi Kaikyō Bridge of 1998, the longest suspension span in the world until 2022; the Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line |
| The trains of the mind | The punctuality measured in seconds; the pushers of the rush hour; the bento of the platforms; the Yamanote loop |
History in dates
| c. 14,000 BC | The Jōmon — the oldest pottery in the world |
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| 660 BC | Jimmu's accession, 11 February, by the legend |
| 538 | Buddhism arrives from Korea |
| 710 | Nara the capital; Kyoto, 794 |
| c. 1010 | The Tale of Genji — Murasaki Shikibu |
| 1192 | The Kamakura shogunate — the samurai rule |
| 1274 · 1281 | The Mongol invasions and the kamikaze |
| 1543 | The Portuguese land; the guns; Xavier, 1549 |
| 1603 | Tokugawa Ieyasu shogun at Edo |
| 1639 | The country closed — sakoku |
| 1853 | Perry's black ships, 8 July |
| 1868 | The Meiji Restoration, 3 January |
| 1889 | The Meiji Constitution |
| 1905 | Russia defeated — Tsushima, 27 May |
| 1910 | Korea annexed |
| 1923 | The Great Kanto earthquake, 1 September |
| 1931 · 1937 | Manchuria; the war in China; Nanjing |
| 1941 | Pearl Harbor, 7 December |
| 1945 | Hiroshima, 6 August; Nagasaki, 9 August; the surrender, 15 August |
| 1947 | The Constitution, 3 May |
| 1952 | The occupation ends, 28 April |
| 1955 | The LDP founded |
| 1964 | The Shinkansen, 1 October; the Tokyo Olympics, 10 October |
| 1989 | Hirohito dies, 7 January — Heisei; the bubble peaks |
| 1995 | Kobe, 17 January; the sarin attack, 20 March |
| 2011 | Tōhoku, 11 March — the tsunami and Fukushima |
| 2019 | Naruhito Emperor, 1 May — Reiwa |
| 2021 | The Tokyo Olympics without crowds, 23 July |
| 2022 | Abe assassinated, 8 July |
| 2024 | The Noto earthquake, 1 January; Ishiba prime minister, 1 October |
| 2025 | The Osaka Expo, 13 April; Takaichi prime minister, 21 October |
| 2026 | The landslide of 8 February; the second cabinet, 18 February |
Records & firsts
| The oldest monarchy in the world | 126 emperors by the count |
|---|---|
| The oldest company in the world | Kongō Gumi, the temple builders, 578 |
| The oldest pottery | The Jōmon, 14,000 BC |
| The first high-speed railway | The Shinkansen, 1964 |
| The longest life expectancy of any large country | About 85 |
| The oldest society | Three in ten over 65 |
| The largest debt on earth | About 230% of GDP |
| The largest carmaker | Toyota |
| The busiest station | Shinjuku, 3.5 million a day |
| The oldest anthem lyrics | "Kimigayo," 9th century |
| The only cities bombed with atomic weapons | Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1945 |
| A constitution never amended | Since 1947 |
| The first woman prime minister | Sanae Takaichi, 2025 |
| The lowest voltage | 100 V |
Frequently asked questions
What is the official name of Japan?
Japan — Nihon or Nippon, 日本, "the origin of the sun," the name the country took for itself in the 7th century when it wrote to the Chinese court as the land where the sun rises; the constitution of 1947 calls the state Nihon-koku, the State of Japan, with no republic or empire in it, though the Emperor remains. "Japan" is the Malay and Portuguese rendering of the Chinese pronunciation, Cipangu in Marco Polo. The state counts its founding from the accession of the legendary Emperor Jimmu on 11 February 660 BC, kept as National Foundation Day.
What is the capital of Japan?
Tokyo — the "eastern capital," the fishing village of Edo that the Tokugawa shoguns made their seat in 1603 and the Emperor his in 1868, when it took its name from Kyoto, the capital of a thousand years before it; about 14 million people in the Tokyo Metropolis and about 37 million in the Greater Tokyo Area, the largest metropolitan area in the world for half a century until the UN's recount of 2025 placed Jakarta and Dhaka ahead of it. Yokohama, Osaka, the merchants' capital, Nagoya of Toyota, Sapporo, Fukuoka, Kobe and Kyoto are the other great cities.
How big is Japan, and how many people live there?
About 377,975 km² (145,937 sq mi) — a little smaller than California, larger than Germany — an archipelago of 14,125 islands by the recount of 2023, four of them holding nearly all the land: Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu and Shikoku, with Okinawa far to the south, strung 3,000 km along the Pacific edge of Asia. The census of 2020 counted 126,146,099 people; the Statistics Bureau estimates about 123 million for 2026, falling by about 900,000 a year since the peak of 128 million in 2008, the fastest decline of any large country, with three in ten over 65.
What are the highest and lowest points of Japan?
Mount Fuji — Fujisan — 3,776 m (12,388 ft), the dormant volcano 100 km southwest of Tokyo, last erupted in 1707, the sacred mountain of the prints and the pilgrims, a World Heritage site since 2013; and Hachirōgata, 4 m (13 ft) below sea level, the reclaimed lake bed of Akita. The islands sit on four tectonic plates on the Ring of Fire, with 111 active volcanoes, a tenth of the world's, and a fifth of the world's earthquakes above magnitude 6.
What currency does Japan use?
The yen (ISO code JPY, ¥ or 円), issued by the Bank of Japan since 1882 and the currency since the Meiji reform of 1871 — the third most traded in the world, at about 150 to the U.S. dollar, weakened through the 2020s; no subdivision in use, the sen and rin abolished in 1953. Clocks keep Japan Standard Time, UTC+9, all year, summer time never adopted; the years are counted by the imperial era as well as the Gregorian, 2026 being Reiwa 8.
Who governs Japan?
Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi of the Liberal Democratic Party, head of government since 21 October 2025 — the first woman in the office in the country's history, a conservative of the Abe school from Nara — who, four months into a minority government, called a snap election for 8 February 2026 and won the largest majority the party has taken in its seventy years: 316 of the 465 seats of the House of Representatives, a two-thirds supermajority with her partner Ishin's 36, over an opposition regrouped as the Centrist Reform Alliance of the Constitutional Democrats and Komeito. She was reappointed on 18 February 2026 with 354 votes. Emperor Naruhito, the 126th of a line the state counts from 660 BC, has reigned since 1 May 2019 as the symbol of the state without political power. The next election is due by February 2030.
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