GKBook — general knowledge, a pleasure to learn

People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Flag of Bangladesh

The red sun of Bengal on bottle green — a student flag of 1970, the banner of the 1971 war, fixed by the Flag Rules of 1972.

The national flag of Bangladesh — a red disc on a bottle-green field, set slightly toward the hoist
10 : 6 by the Flag Rules Disc at nine-twentieths

Bangladesh flag picture

The national flag of Bangladesh — a red disc on a bottle-green field, set slightly toward the hoist

Flag of Bangladesh
NameBangladesher jatiyo pataka (বাংলাদেশের জাতীয় পতাকা — the Lal-Sobuj, "red-green")
AdoptedJanuary 17, 1972 (the map removed)
March 2, 1971 (first hoisted, with the map)
DesignerQuamrul Hassan (1972 form); the 1970 flag by Dhaka University students
Proportion10 : 6 (length : width)
DiscRadius 1/5 of the length; center 9/20 from the hoist

The Bangladeshi flag is a red disc on bottle green, set a little toward the hoist so it looks centered in flight — the sun rising over Bengal and the blood of the martyrs, fixed by the Flag Rules of 1972 to the twentieth and the part per thousand.

Bottle green — the lush land of Bengal; by some readings, the youth of the nation.
The red disc — the sun rising over Bengal, and the blood of those who died for independence in 1971 (see the red disc).

An overview

The national flag of Bangladesh is a red disc on a bottle-green field in a 10:6 proportion, the disc set a little toward the hoist so that it looks centered when the flag flies. Bangladeshis call it the Lal-Sobuj — the red-green.

It was made by students before there was a state to fly it. On June 6, 1970, leaders of the independence movement sewed the first flag in a Dhaka University dormitory, a golden map of the country painted on the disc; it was hoisted on March 2, 1971, three weeks before the war began, and carried through the nine months to victory. On January 13, 1972, the artist Quamrul Hassan removed the map and shifted the disc, and on January 17 the flag became official under the Bangladesh National Anthem, Flag and Emblem Order.

The Flag Rules of 1972 — revised through 2023 — fix it with rare precision: the disc to the twentieth of the length, the colors to the part per thousand of dye, the sizes from a 10 × 6 ft flag on a building to a 10 × 6 in flag on a conference table.

The red disc of the Bangladeshi flag

The red disc

The disc is drawn to statute: a radius of one-fifth of the flag’s length, its center at nine-twentieths of the length from the hoist, on the horizontal midline. The offset is optical — a disc set at the true center looks pushed toward the fly when the flag streams in the wind, so the Rules move it toward the pole, where it appears centered in flight.

For its first two years the disc carried a golden map of Bangladesh, traced from an atlas by Dhaka University students in June 1970 and flown through the war of 1971. The map came off on January 13, 1972 — it was almost impossible to render correctly on both faces of a flag, and the country no longer needed to draw its own outline to be recognized.

Official color specification

Bangladesh specifies its colors as dyes. Rule 3 of the Flag Rules names Procion Brilliant Green H-2RS at 50 parts per 1,000 for the field and Procion Brilliant Orange H-2RS at 60 parts per 1,000 for the disc — a textile recipe from 1972, not a swatch. No Pantone is official; the values below are the modern matches the standard references carry.

Modern matches for the Flag Rules’ dye specifications (Procion Brilliant Green H-2RS 50‰ for the field; Procion Brilliant Orange H-2RS 60‰ for the disc). No Pantone, RGB or CMYK is official.
ColorHexPantoneRGB
Bottle green#006A4E3425 C0, 106, 78
Red#F42A411788 C244, 42, 65

Symbolism and meaning

The Flag Rules fix the flag’s form, not its meaning; the readings below are the accepted ones, repeated across Bangladeshi public life.

Green the lush land of Bengal — the rice fields and the delta; by some readings, the youth of the nation
The red disc the sun rising over Bengal — and the blood of the martyrs of the Liberation War of 1971
The offset nine-twentieths, not a half — so the sun sits centered when the flag streams in the wind

The disc once carried a fourth meaning outright: a golden map of the country, flown through 1971 and removed in 1972.

Design and official specification

The Flag Rules of 1972 measure everything by the flag’s length: a 10:6 rectangle in bottle green, a red disc of radius one-fifth of the length, its center on the horizontal midline at nine-twentieths of the length from the hoist. The Rules then fix the sizes — three for buildings, two for cars, one for the conference table — all at the same proportion.

The Flag Rules of 1972 (revised to August 2023), the figures shown on the Rules’ own 10 × 6 ft (305 × 183 cm) building flag.
ElementSpecificationReference
Proportion10 : 6 (5 : 3), length to widthFlag Rules, 1972
Disc radiusOne-fifth of the length61 cm (24 in) on the 10 × 6 ft flag
Disc centerNine-twentieths of the length from the hoist, on the horizontal midlineOffset so the disc looks centered when the flag flies
Field dyeProcion Brilliant Green H-2RS, 50 parts per 1,000Rule 3(I)(a)
Disc dyeProcion Brilliant Orange H-2RS, 60 parts per 1,000Rule 3(I)(b)
Building flags305 × 183 cm (10 × 6 ft), 152 × 91 cm (5 × 3 ft), 76 × 46 cm (2½ × 1½ ft)By the size of the building
Car flags38 × 23 cm (15 × 9 in) for large cars; 25 × 15 cm (10 × 6 in) for small and medium carsThe table flag for conferences 25 × 15 cm
EnsignsThe national flag in the canton of a red field (civil) and a white field (naval); the air force ensign at 1:2

How the flag evolved

A dormitory, a war, and a decree: the flag’s short history runs from a student room in 1970 to the Flag Rules of 1972 in three moves.

1970

Room 108, Iqbal Hall

The first flag of Bangladesh, 1970 — a red disc on green with a golden map of the country

On June 6, 1970, student leaders of the Swadhin Bangla Nucleus — among them Kazi Aref Ahmed, A.S.M. Abdur Rab, Shahjahan Siraj and Hasanul Haq Inu — made the first flag in room 108 of Iqbal Hall at Dhaka University, from cloth donated by a New Market tailor. A map of East Pakistan traced from an atlas was painted in gold on the red disc; the painter Shib Narayan Das is credited with the design.

1971

The flag of the war

The flag of Bangladesh as flown during the Liberation War of 1971, with the map in the disc

The flag was first hoisted publicly on March 2, 1971, at Dhaka University by the student leader A.S.M. Abdur Rab — a day now observed as Flag Hoisting Day — and raised again by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman at his residence on March 23. Through the nine months of the Liberation War it was the banner of the Mukti Bahini and of the government in exile at Mujibnagar, and of the victory of December 16.

1972

The map comes off

The national flag of Bangladesh since 1972 — the red disc on bottle green, without the map

On January 13, 1972, the artist Quamrul Hassan's modification removed the map and moved the disc toward the hoist; the flag was adopted officially on January 17, 1972, under the Bangladesh National Anthem, Flag and Emblem Order. The Flag Rules of the same year fixed its geometry and dyes — and, revised through 2023, still govern how it flies.

Who designed the Bangladeshi flag?

Two hands, two years apart. The flag of 1970 belongs to a room full of students — Kazi Aref Ahmed, A.S.M. Abdur Rab, Shahjahan Siraj, Hasanul Haq Inu and their comrades in room 108 of Iqbal Hall — with the painter Shib Narayan Das credited for the design and the golden map he set on the red sun. The flag of 1972 belongs to Quamrul Hassan, one of the country’s great artists, whose modification removed the map, moved the disc toward the hoist, and gave the nation the flag it flies today.

Hassan also designed the national emblem — the water lily on rippling water, ringed by rice, with jute leaves and four stars above.

March 2, March 26 and December 16

Bangladesh has no flag day in law, but it keeps one in practice: March 2, the day in 1971 when A.S.M. Abdur Rab hoisted the first flag at Dhaka University, is observed as Flag Hoisting Day. The flag’s great days are Independence Day, March 26, and Victory Day, December 16, when the Rules require it on every building in the country.

Legal status and display rules

The flag rests on the Bangladesh National Anthem, Flag and Emblem Order of 1972 and on the People’s Republic of Bangladesh Flag Rules made under it the same year — a full code of display, revised through August 2023. Its provisions are tabled here.

What the Flag Rules of 1972 (revised to August 2023) provide.
ProvisionThe rule
The instrumentThe People's Republic of Bangladesh Flag Rules, 1972, under the Bangladesh National Anthem, Flag and Emblem Order of 1972 (P.O. 130) — revised through 2023
Where it flies dailyOn working days on the important buildings of the state — the President's House, Parliament, the ministries, the Supreme Court, the missions abroad — and on the residences and cars of the officers the Rules list
Public holidaysOn Independence Day (March 26), Victory Day (December 16) and the other days the government notifies, on all government and private buildings
HoistingHoisted briskly and lowered ceremoniously; when hoisted formally, with the singing of the national anthem
RespectDuring hoisting or lowering, and as the flag passes in a parade, all present face it; those in uniform salute
PrecedenceNo other flag or emblem is placed above or to the right of the national flag, except at the missions abroad as the Rules provide
SizesFixed by the Rules for buildings, cars and tables — 10 × 6 ft down to 10 × 6 in

Half-mast and mourning

Half-masting is the government’s to grant, not the flag-bearer’s to decide.

Rule XXVI of the Flag Rules, and the practice around it.
ProvisionThe rule
Rule XXVIThe flag is not flown at half-mast without the permission of the government
AbroadThe head of a Bangladesh mission may fly it at half-mast on the days the host government half-masts its own flags
The daysThe government declares the days of national mourning on which the flag is lowered — Language Martyrs' Day, February 21, among them

Things you may not know

The colors are a dye recipe. Where other flag laws name a Pantone, the Flag Rules name Procion reactive dyes by the part per thousand — a specification written for the mills of 1972 and never replaced.

The flag was made from a tailor’s cloth. The first flag of June 1970 was sewn from fabric donated by Bazlur Rahman Lasker of Apollo Tailors in Dhaka’s New Market, in a student dormitory, with a map traced from an atlas onto tracing paper.

The sun is deliberately off-center. Nine-twentieths of the length from the hoist, not a half — so that the disc, which a flying flag drags toward the fly, looks centered in the wind. Japan, with a similar disc, centers it exactly.

Frequently asked questions

What does the flag of Bangladesh look like?

A red disc on a bottle-green field, set slightly toward the hoist. The proportion is 10:6 — five to three — and the disc's radius is one-fifth of the flag's length, its center nine-twentieths of the length from the hoist, so that it appears centered when the flag flies. Bangladeshis call it the Lal-Sobuj, the red-green.

What do the colors of the Bangladeshi flag mean?

The green stands for the lush land of Bengal — and, in some readings, for the youth of the nation. The red disc is the sun rising over Bengal, and the blood of those who died in the Liberation War of 1971. Neither meaning is written into the Flag Rules; both are the accepted ones.

Why is the red disc off-center?

For the eye. A disc placed at the true center looks pushed toward the fly when the flag streams in the wind, so the Flag Rules of 1972 set its center at nine-twentieths of the length from the hoist — where it looks centered in flight. Japan's flag, by contrast, centers its disc exactly.

When was the Bangladeshi flag adopted?

Officially on January 17, 1972, under the Bangladesh National Anthem, Flag and Emblem Order. The flag it replaced — the same disc on green, with a golden map of the country inside it — was made by Dhaka University students on June 6, 1970, first hoisted on March 2, 1971, and flown through the war.

Why was the map removed from the flag?

Practicality above all: a map is almost impossible to render correctly on both sides of a flag — it reads reversed from the back — and it was hard to reproduce at all sizes. The artist Quamrul Hassan's modification of January 13, 1972, removed it and moved the disc toward the hoist.

Who designed the Bangladeshi flag?

Two hands, two years apart. The 1970 flag with the map was made by a group of student leaders at Dhaka University, with the painter Shib Narayan Das credited for the design; the 1972 flag without the map is the work of the artist Quamrul Hassan, whose modification became the national flag.

What are the official colors of the Bangladeshi flag?

The Flag Rules of 1972 specify dyes, not Pantone: Procion Brilliant Green H-2RS at 50 parts per 1,000 for the field and Procion Brilliant Orange H-2RS at 60 parts per 1,000 for the disc. The usual modern matches are #006A4E (Pantone 3425 C) for the green and #F42A41 (Pantone 1788 C) for the red.

What are the rules for flying the Bangladeshi flag?

The Flag Rules of 1972 fix them: the flag flies daily on the important buildings of the state and on all buildings on Independence Day, Victory Day and the days the government notifies; it is hoisted briskly and lowered ceremoniously, to the national anthem when formal; all present face it and uniformed personnel salute; it is not flown at half-mast without the government's permission. Sizes are set from 10 × 6 ft for buildings down to 10 × 6 in for tables.

Does Bangladesh have a flag day?

Not an official one. March 2 — the day the first flag was hoisted at Dhaka University in 1971 — is observed as Flag Hoisting Day (Jatiya Pataka Uttolon Dibosh). The flag's great days are Independence Day, March 26, and Victory Day, December 16, and it flies at half-mast on Language Martyrs' Day, February 21.

We Value Your Opinion Comments

GKBook